Martian Defense Research White Paper.
Cyberwar describes a series of cyber attacks against a nation, state, or international organization seeking to disrupt, damage, or destroy infrastructure using computer viruses, denial-of-service attacks, or other methods. Cyberwar typically involves one nation perpetrating attacks on another nation, but sometimes these attacks emanate from terrorist groups or fascist groups seeking to advance the agenda of an already hostile nation. Although the US Department of Defense recognizes the potential dangers of cyberwar, it does not provide an explicit definition of cyberwar. Some experts insist that it should be considered a form of war only if the attack leads to loss of life. Regardless, the harm caused by these attacks can cripple critical government and civilian infrastructure, and this may result in damage to property or even loss of life.
Just a few years ago, tales about cyber warfare were punctuated with bleak prospects: what if state-sponsored hackers blacked out cities across the country? Sabotaged banks and froze all ATMs? Crippled shipping firms, oil refineries, and factories? Shut down airports and hospitals? Today, these events are unraveling. More than ever before, it is evident that these attacks have transcended into physical disruption on a global scale, a feat that could once only be achieved through military campaigns and terrorism.